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Early surveillance saves lives.
International scientific cooperation is essential.
Transparent communication builds public trust.
Vaccine monitoring must continue after approval.
Global preparedness remains critical for future pandemics.
Conclusion
Nearly five years after COVID-19 transformed the world, scientists now have a much clearer understanding of vaccine safety and effectiveness.
At the same time, research indicates that vaccination substantially reduced the risk of severe disease, hospitalization, and death, particularly among older adults and people at higher risk.
As the virus continues to evolve, researchers remain committed to monitoring vaccine safety, tracking new variants, and improving future vaccines.
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